Introduction The Sumerians were one of the first urban civilizations in the world, originating in southern Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE. They lived in city-states, including […]
Year: 2025
Van in 1510
Italian merchant who visited Van in 1510 explains:“After a day’s travel, you arrive at Van castle. This castle is built on a massive rock and […]
The Political Hijacking of Kurdish Representation to Conceal Anti-Israel Agendas
Luqman Radpay, PhD Apr 16, 2025 Turkey’s foreign minister, Hakan Fidan, is one of several Kurds in high-profile, regional diplomatic roles. Since the October 7, […]
Why are Iranian Intelligence backing Pahlavi Monarchists ?
Farsi version Behind the Scenes of Rampant Executions and the Circus of the Anti-Penalty Campaign What lies behind all these rampant executions, arrests, the killing […]
Territorial Voting: A Shield Against Majority Dictatorship and Populist Totalitarianism in Iran
This piece continues the discussion initiated by the author in 2018 regarding the Referendum of Rojhelat. Introduction Democracy is often interpreted as the rule of […]